Martha Stewart Essay Example

Martha Stewart Essay Example Martha Stewart Essay Martha Stewart Essay On December 27 , 2001 Martha Stewart, Americas beloved housewife, sold her shares of ImClone after she received specific inside information regarding the status of the companies business. A series of events led to an investigation, interviews, indictments, a trial sentencing of Martha Stewart to 5 months in a minimum security prison camp and then 5 months of home confinement. Merril Lynch tipped off the Securities Exchange commission to report the possibility of insider trading on Imclong, and launched the joint investigation with the FBI into whether or not Ms. Stewart committed a crime. I believe that Martha Stewart was guilty of insider trading, lying and conspiring to lie, in order to protect their money. After reading this chapter on Business Ethics, primarily this case involving Ms. Stewart came to the fore front nationally because she violated the Theory of Amorality, which did not match up with her persona. Martha Stewart made a living reaching , unifying and teaching Americans how to live a good Life by doing wholesome, handmade homemaker type projects. Ms. Stewart exemplified the throwback to a time when American women were schooled in their womanhood and station in life by how she kept her home her family taken care of. Generally we think of those times when people were honest and genuinely cared to do what is morally right. Her entire fortune was based on her catch phrase of its a good thing and educating American working women how to take care of their homes and families. Martha Stewart is an incredibly smart and well versed woman and many people respected her because of what she represented. The biggest shock was the reality that she could be much more concerned with her profits and the profits of her company, Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia. She intentionally chose to lie and cover up her actions in order to retain or make money. Since she represented the old fashion or natural way of doing things, it fits with the Theory of Amorality. In the end Ms. Stewart learned a valuable lesson of self preservation at all costs. She was found guilty and lost her freedom because she was no longer acting for the moral good of the community, but for her own selfish purposes. In the end she also tried to weasel out of her sentence and ask for leniency by trying to offer to do public service and then made a public statement suggesting that this was a small personal matter that was blown way out of proportion mean terrible after she found out her sentence. I think she got what was appropriate for her crime, even if she didnt feel it was a crime.

Pell Grant Eligibility and Requirements Do You Qualify

Pell Grant Eligibility and Requirements Do You Qualify SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Pell Grants are awarded by the federal US government to help students pay for college or vocational school.Figuring out whether you're eligible can be confusing, but this post will guide you through all the eligibility requirements you should knowabout if you want to apply for a federal Pell Grant. If you need a basic intro to what the Pell Grant is, check out our overview guide. Students are automatically considered for the Pell Grant when they submit their Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA. You can learn more about submission here. In this post, we'll cover the following: How to figure out whether you're eligiblefor federal student aid What the Pell Grant income limits are How to figure out whether you're eligible for the Pell Grant specifically Pell Grant award maximums What you can do to increase your chances of getting the Pell Grant What Are the Federal Student Aid Requirements? Because the Pell Grant is a federal aid program, you need to meet basic eligibility for federal student aid in order to be considered for the Pell.There are a lot of complicated-seeming requirements, so we put together two lists that describeeverything you need before applying for aid. You need to check off every item on List #1 and one item on List #2. List #1 In order to be eligible for all federal aid, including the Pell Grant, you must meet all the following eligibility criteria: Eligibility Requirement Do you meet this criterion? Have a high school diploma, GED, or approved homeschool education Be enrolled or accepted to enroll in an eligible degree/certificate program You can check with your school/program’s financial aid office if you want to confirm eligibility Be registered with Selective Service,if you are male and 18-25 years old If applicable,register on the SS website Have a valid Social Security Number (unless you’re from the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, or Republic of Palau) Sign statements on the FAFSA stating that (1) you’re not in default and do not owe refund money on a federal student loan, and (2) you’ll only use federal aid money to help pay for your education Access the FAFSA Maintain "satisfactory" progress in school If you’re concerned about your academic performance or have questions about what is considered "satisfactory," set up a meeting with your dean or other school administrator List #2 In addition to the items listed above, you must be able to check ONEof the following: Be a US citizen or US national Have a green card Have an Arrival-Departure Record (I-94) Have battered immigrant status Have a T-Visa These are all the requirements necessary to apply for federal financial aid.If you didn't have any issues with the items listed above, you're on the right track! Want to build the best possible college application and financial aid package? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Making sure you meet these requirements is a hassle, but it's worth it for free money, right? What Are the Pell Grant Requirements? There are a few eligibility requirements specific to the Pell Grant that you need to meet on top of the federal requirements we just discussed. Let's start by answering an important question: what are the Pell Grant income limits? The Pell Grant is meant primarily for low-income students who have not already received a post-secondary degree.There are some exceptions to this, but they're rare. For the purpose of this post, I'll be focusing onfuture and current college students. In a nutshell, to be considered eligible for the Pell Grant, you: Mustdemonstrate enough financial need (we'll get to the details of this shortly) Cannot already have a bachelor's or professional degree Easy enough, right? In the next section, I'll explain exactly what I mean when I say you need to demonstrate "enough financial need." What Are the Financial Need Requirements? This seems like a simple question, but the answer is actually somewhat complicated. Before I can answer this question, I need to briefly explain what financial information is considered important, and why. The Department of Education- the government department in charge of federal financial aid- takes a lot of factors into consideration when determiningwhether to award the Pell Grant. Put simply, the greater your family's financial need is, the greater the likelihood that you'll be awarded the grant. There's more to determining financial need than just looking at how much your parents make, however; your family's expenses are alsotaken into account. Lower income + more expenses = greater need. Allow me tobreak down what counts as income and what counts as an expense: Income: Your own personal income (if any) Your parents' income Assets belonging to you or your parents (e.g., savings or things they could own, such as a house) Expense: Number of people living in your household (more people = more expense) Number of family members (not including parents) who are attending college Your school's Cost of Attendance, or CoA- that is,how much you have to pay in tuition, room, board, and other expenses for one year Now that we've gotten through that information, I can better explain how your family's unique financial situation is analyzed when you're considered for a Pell Grant. All the above factors- income and expenses- are used to calculate yet another number called an Expected Family Contribution (EFC). If your EFC is at or below $5,140 for the 2019-20 academic year, you will be eligible to receive the Pell Grant. Each family's financial situation is different, and there's no one income cutoff that makes a student eligible or ineligible to receive the Pell. With that being said, here are some important facts to note: Most Pell Grants are awarded to students whose families make less than $30,000 annually Some Pell Grants are awarded to students whose families make $30,000-$60,000 annually It's possible but rare for students to be awarded the grant if their families make more than $60,000 annually What Are the Requirements After You Get Your Pell Grant? Do You Ever Need to Repay Pell Grants? After you have met the requirements for both FAFSA and the Pell Grant, and have been awarded your Pell Grant, it's pretty easy to remain eligible for the grant. All you need to do is stay in school. However, if you drop out of school while you're receiving a Pell Grant or change from full-time student status to part-time student status, you might be required to repay all or part of your Pell Grant for that year or semester. If your school determines that you need to repay your Pell Grant, they'll send you a notice informing you of how much you owe and when you'll need to pay it by. You'll typically have 45 days to either pay the amount in full or set up a payment plan. You might have to focus a little more than you'd like on the family finances. How Much Money Can You Get From a Pell Grant? For 2019-2020, the maximum Pell Grant award is $6,195.Factors such as the amount of your Expected Family Contribution and enrollment status (full-time vs part-time) will affect how much money you can get. You can learn more about calculating your EFC with our Pell Grant Calculatorguide. What If You Don't Qualify for a Pell Grant? If you're above the Pell Grant income limits, there's not much you can do to change your family's financial situation, which is the maincriterionused when you apply for a Pell Grant. There are certain factors under your control that might affect your eligibility. Here are some potential eligibility issues and solutions: If you don't have a high school diploma but would like to attend college, you can get a GED to meet federal financial aid requirements. Make sure you apply to and enroll in colleges or vocational programs that participate in the Pell Grant program. If you're unsure whether a school is involved in the program, you can check with that school's financial aid office. If you're not eligible for financial aid because you're in default on a federal student loan, focus on paying back that debt before applying for more federal aid. Summary: How Pell Grant Eligibility Works The Pell Grant is anannual award given out by the federal government to students who need help paying for college.If you apply for FAFSA, you'll be automatically considered for a Pell Grant. To meet the Pell Grant requirements, you'll need to meet all the federal eligibility requirements for financial aid and provethat your expected family contribution is at or below $5,140 for the 2019-2020 school year. Currently, the maximum Pell Grant award is $6,195. Once you receivea Pell Grant, you don't need to pay it back, unless you drop out of school or change from full-time to part-time student status, in which case you'll need to repay all or part of your Pell Grant. What's Next? If you're already looking at how to get a Pell Grant, you might already know about the program. If not, you can read about everything you need to know in our in-depthPell Grant guide. Are you still putting together your college applications? You might want to learn more about application strategy and versatility. For more information on getting into your top-choice schools, check out our step-by-step guide. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

History Reviews Questions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History Reviews Questions - Case Study Example According to the report  the adversary denotes the participants in a contest between two equal opponents on trial and the trial usually take place under a formal guidance of the court. Witnesses were occasionally involved to provide their accounts voluntarily or under swearing of an oath. The adversarial system rests its faith in the assumptions that partisan advocacy and manipulation of evident materials coupled with equality can put a judge in the position to determine the truth. The type of system is mostly used in countries with legal misdemeanour such as minor traffic offences.This essay discusses that  the adoption of inquisitorial justice was connected to the use of terror in the trials in that, some of the individuals were able to twist their cases in courts to warrant for a thorough investigative process. While the process of investigation was going on to extort the truth, some of the accusers used to commit terror to disrupt the investigative process. Witchcraft was tri ed in secular courts despite being a spiritual crime; this was perhaps because of the extent of damages it caused in the society. There were beliefs that witchcrafts caused many calamities like sickness, death and other misfortunes. It was these other civil related crimes that made witches be tried in the secular courts. The early official church teaching was that there were no existence of the witches, yet the ancient legal procedures including the inquisition of heretics, mostly the Albigensian and the Waldensians.

How Dogmatism, Rationalism, and Relativism Affect Ethical Thinking Essay

How Dogmatism, Rationalism, and Relativism Affect Ethical Thinking - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that dogmatism, as it can easily be understood from the name, stands for an approach according to which ethical thinking of a person is heavily influenced by dogma which is a predetermined set of idea that one is not able to change in any way. In other words, dogmatism provides a person with answers to a wide range of question and does not require one to critically examine each case. It is quite obvious that under these conditions a person can hardly experience any freedom in the course of ethical analysis of a situation. Contrary to the above-mentioned approach, rationalism urges a person to actively participate in the critical examination of the issues and claims that reason is the only viable way to verify the acquired knowledge. In other words, people are encouraged to use their mind to find answers to the questions with the help of their own reasoning. Thus, the biggest difference between the two approaches that were discussed so far might be exemplified in the following comparison: a person guided by dogmatism is similar to a train who follows the rails (dogma), while one who is guided by rationalism resembles a car which can go in multiple directions as long as the steering wheel (reasoning) is being turned. Finally, there is another approach which is different from the above mentioned too. It is called relativism and, as one can guess for the term, suggests that ethical thinking should be engaged rigid categories of right and wrong, but argues that the same action might be viewed in the different light according to circumstances. Continuing the comparison made in the previous paragraph a person who is guided by relativism travels on foot which means that one is able to visit territories which are out of reach of a vehicle and is not limited in one’s movements in any way since there is not seen to follow any rules.

Functions of Management Essay Example for Free

Functions of Management Essay Great managers are fair and respectful to employees. They don’t ask employees to do anything they would not do themselves. They show up on time, and they are a good role model who leads by example. Great managers are honest and accept their faults, and they are able to publicly admit when they are wrong. Great manager is someone who is a good listener and is proactive in dealing with issues and not afraid to get in the trenches with his or her coworkers. A great manager leads workers, but at the same time does not generate resentment by being too bossy. A great manager builds close connections with the people they supervise. A great manager recognizes employees for their contributions at work. This is one of the surest ways to secure employee loyalty and earn the perception that you are smart enough to understand that you don’t know everything. Recognition and rewards do not typically need to be monetary. In most cases, simple public recognition is all that is required. Recognition nurtures the soul, it feels good, and it stimulates a desire to repeat positive behavior at work. great manager is approachable and possesses a likeable personality. Moreover, a great manager has a sense of humor about the world and themselves. And a great manager understands that they need to manage systems, but more importantly they need to manage the way they relate to their employees. I haven’t seen nor work for an ineffective manager. An ineffective manager can make workers of all levels miserable, which can result in low employee morale, stress, and turnover. Why are some managers ineffective? It could be because these managers define themselves only as a manager, and not also as a leader because managers try to plan, organize, and coordinate, and leaders aim to inspire and motivate. They may view leadership and management as two different entities, when in reality leadership and management need to go hand-in-hand. The management does meaningful work in a culture of respect, camaraderie and teamwork. They begin by analyzing the culture to establish a benchmark, then measure progress regularly. Determine what matters most to your employees; Meaningful work, Recognition, Respect for management, Communications, and Empowerment. Acknowledging individual differences, they maximize individual strengths. They commit to continuous improvement. Management must place as high a priority on employee satisfaction as it does on customer satisfaction, quality, financials and other strategic performance measures.

ICT in the Community :: ICT Essays

ICT in the Community I live in the community of Maidenhead in the south-east of England. ICT is used everyday and without it the community would start to break down and the way of life would run much slower. Cyber cafes The cyber cafà © in Maidenhead is perfect for tourists that take digital photos and want to send them to family and friends, also if a tourist wants to contact family and friends it is probably cheaper to email them from a cyber cafà © that having to use the phone to call another country although using the phone is quicker than email. Also people from within the community can use cyber cafà ©s to do just about anything they would need to on a computer. They can read emails, send emails, browse the web and create documents. Some cyber cafà ©s also offer scanners, printers and photocopiers although the cyber cafà © in Maidenhead only offers a black and white printer. The down side with using a cyber cafà © is the price; to use the facilities in Maidenhead it costs  £5.00 per hour. Websites and Forums The Maidenhead Rugby Club has there own website which keeps fans up to date with the team and how things are going, this also gives contact details to get hold of people such as the manager and coach, so now they don't have to put adverts or news in the maidenhead advertiser which not only costs but it only gets publish weekly so information could be old or irrelevant. The website also offers a forum for fans to talk to each other about the team. The good thing about this website is that it is kept up to date by people that work along side the team so the information posted onto the site is true. The down side with the forum is that forums can go down and sometimes there can be problems with logins. The website could have the choice to have a live chat but with this messages are not save where as with a forum

Narrative Sample

Narrative The annual Acquaintance Party of the students of Bachelor in Elementary Education was held last July 19, 2013 at the Villa Amanda Resort, Abbacy, Bataan. The activities began with the registration of the participants at their arrival on the venue. Stubs, indicated as entrance and photo booth stubs, were given to students before July 19 and were to be meant as the gate pass for them to enter the venue. It was facilitated by Board Members Petite Arena and Mark Anthony Arrange.After the registration, the students were guided by the rest of the Institute Officers to heir areas on the resort. Led by the Institute Governor John Michael David, together with Board Member Carla Punctual, the designated area for each section was arranged for the students' convenience. While the students awaited for the arrival of the schools respected authorities for the message, the emcees, then, were John Michael D. Asia (former USC President) and Roomer G. Salon ( the present USC President) encour aged the students to present any number from their section.This was the done simultaneously with the roll call by the section. Unlike the past acquaintance back then, the most prestigious, most glamorous, and sot awaited event in the party, the b. Duskiest was held, for the first time in the A. M. Part after the class presentations. This time, there were 12 candidates, one representative for each section. The candidates battled for the crown on the three major categories: Best in Casual Wear, Best in Talent and the Q and A. Also present on the event was the reigning b.Duskiest of 2012, Ms. Iatric G. Rexes. Finally, after the scores were tallied officially, Ms. Sydney G. Rexes of Bed IV-A was crowned the new b. Duskiest for 2013. After the coronation, the Institute Coordinator, Mr.. Pablo V. Sauna, Jar. Allied on for the mayors of every section as. He gave them questions which were to be answered. If the mayors failed to answer, all his classmates will plunge to the pool. This marked the declaration for the pool opening. Lunch time, DRP. Teresa E.Roberto, Associate Director for Students Affairs, DRP. Holland B. Symbol, Dean of Instruction and DRP. Fleischman E. Tuning , Associate Director for Research and Extension, came and Joined us. Each of them delivered a the newly elected COOS Officers of Education and Mayors of every section. After the induction and lunch exact 1 PM another event was opened, the first Dance Battle event happened on the history of educations acquaintance party. Three groups vied for a cash prize and trophy.The first group was IA, C, AAA and AAA presented their dance number with a medley of modern and classical music. The second group was IA, B, C and B however lost unity and performed on the stage per section. This secured their place as the last. B, AAA, B and C the third and last group became as the center of attraction when they performed the song â€Å"Pilling Mo Nag Philippians. † They used colorful costumes and made a formati on surrounding the LOL on its four sides. It was a spectacular presentation.In the end, they won the trophy. The last part of the program was the games. It was led by the Vice-Governor Carlo Humane and SC President Roomer S. Annals as he attends the acquaintance party of his course and assisted them by the rest of the officers. The students enjoyed the games and had a good time playing until they found themselves enjoying the pool. Others were busy to get their chance avail the free photo booth using their passes stub. And as the last part of the program, prizes were given to the cleanest cottage.

Federalist Argument for Ratification of the Constitution

Federalist Argument for Ratification of the Constitution November 18, 2010 Americans, prior to and shortly after the Revolutionary War, were strongly united under one opinion. The common belief that America ought to be an independent state, with its own system of government can be found in the literature of each and every colony. However, after the failure of the first governing document, the Articles of Confederation, delegates met in Philadelphia in order to draft a better functioning constitution. In this debate, the opinion of America soon became divided.On one side were the supporters of the proposed constitution (Federalists) and on the other the opponents (Anti-Federalists). The Federalists urged their fellow delegates and the nation for the establishment of a consolidated federal government that gets its power from an energetic constitution. The reason behind this position was none other than the failure of the Articles of Confederation. Although the two sides disagreed over the role and authority of the federal government, they did hold one thing in common: the Articles of Confederation were inadequate and threatened the preservation of the union.The Anti-Federalists believed that the flaws of the Articles of Confederation could be fixed by amendments while the Federalists combated that claim by suggesting that the â€Å"material defects† that exist in the articles cannot be repaired and thus a new, more energetic, constitution must be drafted. Additionally, the Anti-Federalists sought to support the Articles of Confederation because they believed that there are more problems introduced by the newly proposed constitution.They argued that the document would establish an untested form of government and they maintained that the Framers of the Constitution were an elitist group that had met in secrecy in order to empower â€Å"moneyed few. † The Federalists refuted the claims of their opponents in a series of essays that underlined the follow ing central ideas: the benefit of the union to the colonies; defense of republicanism in the newly proposed constitution; and the necessity of an energetic, proficient federal government. As previously stated, both sides agreed that the Articles of Confederation ere incapable of preserving the union. However, the Anti-Federalists believed in confederated government made up of small republics (as it existed prior to the ratification of the Constitution). â€Å"If the people are to give their assent to the laws, by persons chosen and appointed by them, the manner of the choice and the number chosen, must be such, as to possess, be disposed, and consequently qualified to declare the sentiments of the people; for if they do not know, or are not disposed to speak the sentiments of the people, the people do not govern, but the sovereignty is in a few.Now, in a large extended country, it is impossible to have a representation, possessing the sentiments, and of integrity, to declare the mi nds of the people, without having it so numerous and unwieldly, as to be subject in great measure to the inconveniency of a democratic government† (Hammond, Hardwick, & Lubert, 2007, p. 538). According to their argument, small republics preserve liberty best because citizens of small republics know the elected officials on a personal level and it is this intimate connection that assures obedience of the law.A confederation of states allows for the existence of states that reflect their constituents. In a large republic there will be many opinions and laws will be diluted by the number of opinions. This can create conflict and threaten the union. In Federalist 10, James Madison disproves this claim by stating the Federalist belief that large republics produce better candidates and a majority that is more inclusive to existing minorities. In the next place, as each representative will be chosen by a greater number of citizens in the large than in the small republic, it will be more difficult for unworthy candidates to practice with success the vicious arts by which elections are too often carried; and the suffrages of the people being more free, will be more likely to centre in men who possess the most attractive merit and the most diffusive and established characters† (Hammond, Hardwick, & Lubert, 2007, p. 465).Madison reasons that in a large state the number of voters and candidates is greater therefore the probability of electing a qualified representative is also greater. In a small republic candidates running in election can fool voters easier than in a large republic. Thus, Madison, in contrast to the Anti-Federalists, saw the large size of the United States as a help rather than a hindrance to the cause of liberty. Due to these qualities of large republics the salvation of the union would be facilitated.Federal inability to enforce laws on the states leads the Federalists to desire an energetic constitution that gave the government mor e authority and the apparatuses necessary to enforce its sovereignty. Under the Articles of Confederation, states were left to enforce federal law. Alexander Hamilton, in Federalist 15, argues that this practice â€Å"†¦in theory their resolutions concerning those objects are laws, constitutionally binding on the members of the Union, yet in practice they are mere recommendations which the States observe or disregard at their option† (Hammond, Hardwick, & Lubert, 2007, p. 472).Furthermore, he expands on federal powers and tools needed for enforcement in Federalist 23. In defense of the â€Å"necessary and proper† clause of the Constitution, Hamilton states that â€Å"†¦because it is impossible to foresee or define the extent and variety of national exigencies, or the correspondent extent and variety of the means which may be necessary to satisfy them† (Hammond, Hardwick, & Lubert, 2007, p. 478). The new constitution would enable to federal gove rnment to implement its authority over members of the union. In a federalist view this is a necessary improvement for the security of the union.If the national government is given responsibilities then it ought to also have the tools needed to carry out those responsibilities. The lack of clear and complete separation between the executive, legislative and judicial bodies was viewed by the Anti-Federalist as a reintroduction of a monarchial and tyrannical regime. James Madison, on the other hand, reasoned that the best government of the time, as it existed in Britain, and all of the colonies already practiced the same overlapping of powers that was found in the proposed constitution.In Federalist 48, Madison argues that it is this very overlapping of authority that preserves the separation of powers; â€Å"The conclusion which I am warranted in drawing from these observations is, that a mere demarcation on parchment of the constitutional limits of the several departments, is not a sufficient guard against those encroachments which lead to a tyrannical concentration of all the powers of government in the same hands† (Hammond, Hardwick, & Lubert, 2007, p. 494).He believed that his opponents had read Montesquieu but had not understood his notion of separation of powers clearly. According to Montesquieu, tyranny results when one branch of government simultaneously holds the powers of another branch. However, Madison argues that Montesquieu â€Å"did not mean that these departments ought to have no partial agency in, or no control over, the acts of each other† (Hammond, Hardwick, & Lubert, 2007, p. 490). Thus, the above claim enabled the Federalists to sufficiently settle the argument on this issue.As brilliant as the Federalist Papers were they were not the sole reason that the proposed constitution was ratified. Nevertheless, they aided the constitution's cause by giving the constitution's adherents ideas with which to counter their oppositi on. The Anti-Federalist outcry was not without its effects. With the ratification of the Constitution state legislatures voted for the addition of the first ten amendments. The Bill of Rights, as it came to be known, became an essential part of the document and its legacy of liberty.The ratification of the Constitution not only changed the political culture but also the social. Soon after its approval, American experienced a social shift as well. Citizens no longer saw themselves as only Virginians or New Yorkers; instead they became something larger than that, they became American first and the rest as they say is history.Works Cited Hammond, S. , Hardwick, K. , & Lubert, H. (2007). Classics of american political & constitutional thought. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.

Realism vs. Liberalism

Realism vs. Liberalism Turn Memo 1: In international relations, two theories are mostly employed in analyzing major issues in politics. Realism and idealism are the two major theories. Idealism is a theory that was first supported by the US president after the Second World War. The theory observes that there are many actors in the international system. The state is not the only actor because other units, such as religious organizations, Multinational Organizations, and supranational organizations exist.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Realism vs. Liberalism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The state does not have massive powers as far as policy formulation is concerned. For instance, Multinational Organizations influence the policy formulation among the Less Developed Countries. Moreover, religious organizations are known to influence the behavior of states in a number of ways (Lamy 78). An example is given in Poland during the Cold War wh en John Paul II influenced leaders to abandon communism in favor of capitalism. In this regard, it can be observed that Catholic played a critical role in influencing leaders to keep off from the communism. In the international system, the United Nations plays an important role in influencing the foreign behavior of states. For instance, the UN Security Council can impose sanctions to a sovereign state. In Libya, the UN Security Council imposed a no fly zone sanction to the sovereign state because it is the main actor. In contrary, realists observe that the only actor in the international system is the state. The state has the power to formulate foreign policies without consulting any other entity. For instance, the state should not consult the populace before making foreign policies because foreign policy formulation process is considered high politics. In this case, other actors exist to temper with the sovereignty of the state because they should not be involved in the process. R ealists claim that states have the powers to either support or oppose global decisions. It is the responsibility of the state to decide whether to support a policy or not. Moreover, the state confers nationality to individuals. Without the state, an individual cannot move from one corner of the world to the other. The state has established structures that facilitate world security. Turn memo 2: Liberalists observe that there are many actors in the international system. The international system is a community of both states and human beings. The foreign policy should recognize all actors. In this case, the role of other actors must be recognized. As states struggle to accomplish their missions, they must prioritize their goals.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Those goals that aim at fulfilling the common interests should be pursued first as opposed to the goals that accomplish individual interests. Foreign policy formulation should be based on morality. Moreover, it must be based on internationally recognized codes and morals. This is the reason why states intervene militarily whenever human rights are violated. This shows that liberalists value universal interests as opposed to national interests. Hoffman noted that states have a duty beyond their borders. For instance, a state should ensure that the rights of other individuals are not violated, irrespective of whether the individuals are citizens its citizens. Liberalists emphasize human rights meaning that they must always be taken into consideration whenever foreign policies are formulated. To liberalists, the end does not justify the means because leaders must be held accountable at every decision they make. Liberalists are prescriptive implying that foreign policy should be reflective (Mansbach 89). On the other hand, realists observe that the unit of analysis is the state. The inter national system dictates to the state what should be done. In other words, changes in the international system dictate foreign policies. In this regard, the international system is anarchic meaning that it lacks the central authority. Each state is concerned with its own security. States are preoccupied with national interests, not collective security. Therefore, the state will always prioritize its interests. Realists believe that the end will always justify the means. Turn memo 3: To liberalists, the international system is characterized by cooperation. This explains why the US could provide aid to its adversaries such as Japan and Russia during calamities. In the international system, law is respected because it dictates what ought to be done. For instance, states will always cooperate to fight the common enemy. For example, states struggle to achieve peace through nuclear disarmament programs. In the current international system, many states are members of world organizations su ch as the World Trade Organizations and the Atomic Agency. The main aim is to achieve peace and order (Masker 12). To realists, the international system is characterized by brutality and mistrust. In this case, the international system is anarchic implying that some states are powerful than others. The less powerful states are usually subjugated and oppressed. The powerful states control policy formulation at the global arena. For instance, the powerful states control important organizations such as the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. The powerful states use the world organizations to achieve their national interests. The United Nations and the World Trade Organization exist as far as the US would permit.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Realism vs. Liberalism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lamy, Steven. Introduction to Global Politics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. Print. Mansbach, and K. Rafferty. Introduction to Global Politics. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007. Print. Masker, John . Introduction to Global Politics: A Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. Print.

The Best Way To Practice SAT Reading

The Best Way To Practice SAT Reading SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Let’s get down to business, to defeat...the SAT Reading. How can you practice for the SAT Reading? Where can you find SAT Reading practice questions? Is it even possible to practice for the Reading section? Read on for the answers to these questions. feature image credit: Mulan by mickey, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. A Brief Breakdown of SAT Reading To start off, I’ll do a quick runthrough of the structure of SAT Reading. Feel free to skip over it to the Important Tips (â„ ¢) (not actually trademarked, unless I can trademark things just by typing the symbol, in which case I just trademarked that). The SAT Reading section consists of one 65 minute section with 52 passage-based (read the passage or paired passages, answer questions about it/them) multiple choice questions (each with four answer choices). In total, there are four long reading passages and one set of shorter paired passages. Read more about how the SAT is structured here, or find out more about the format of SAT Reading with our article about what’s actually on SAT Reading. Now that you have a better idea of what exactly is on SAT Reading, it's time to jump into tips for how to practice the SAT Reading section in the best way. SAT Reading Practice Tip 1: Use Official SAT Tests When you are practicing for the SAT, you must use actual SAT questions. Why? Because only official SAT questions will test you the same way the test does. Part of what is so tricky about the SAT is that it takes concepts everyone knows (since it's standardized, it has to stick to standard knowledge) and then asks about them in weird ways. Therefore, the best way to ensure you get used to the weird ways of questioning is to do actual SAT questions. As PrepScholar co-founder Allen Cheng has said, â€Å"If you train yourself on questions that don't reflect what's on the SAT, you're going to learn the wrong patterns.† So where do you find official tests? Well, for starters, we've compiled a complete list of all available free complete SAT tests. You can also buy our very own PrepScholar test prep platform, which integrates offical SAT practice tests as part of your personal study program. SAT Reading Practice Tip 2: Practice Under Realistic Conditions When you take the SAT, you’re going to have limited time, materials, and space to spread out (do not underestimate the effect of having to take a test on a tiny desk). You'll be taking the Reading section first, which means that you'll need to be smart about knowing how much effort you can put into the Reading section and conserve enough energy for the rest of the test. Bottom line: I recommend not only drilling reading questions and going through entire reading sections in isolation, but also taking least one full-length timed practice test so you can get used to making it through the whole test . Additionally, make sure to take at least one practice test at the same time of day you would be taking the actual SAT, so that you'll have a good idea of how tired you might be. If you're not a morning person, an 8 am test might mean you don't pay as much attention when reading a passage, especially as compared to studying and practicing Reading questions and passages in the afternoon after school/after work. SAT Reading Practice Tip 3: Review Your Mistakes Effectively The most important part of studying that many students skip over is effectively reviewing mistakes. Learning from your mistakes isn’t just a saying- it’s the single most useful tool for improving your test score. Yes, it’s tempting to just look at a question and go â€Å"oh, I made a stupid mistake† and just move on (I mean, what person wants to dwell on what she got wrong?). KLAXON! KLAXON! Failing to review your mistakes is the biggest mistake of all. To see real improvement in your score, you really need to get down into the nitty gritty of WHY you made the mistake. For instance, what kinds of questions do you struggle with? Do you tend to have problems with data graphic questions? Maybe you struggle when answering inference questions on passages (Line 42 primarily suggests that†¦), or finding the main point of a paragraph. Identifying the types of questions you struggle with most is necessary for creating the most helpful study plan- there's no point in wasting precious prep time practicing questions you already know how to answer. If your problems are with analyzing data graphics questions, you're in luck - we have an article on how best to tackle these questions on this very blog! Have problems with getting through the passage with enough time left to answer all the questions? Brush up your passage reading skills with our article on how best to read the passage on SAT Reading and learn how to stop running out of time. What about the kinds of mistakes you tend to make? Why did you make them? Don't just stop at surface explanations. Surface reason: Oh, I just ran out of time for this question because it was at the end of the section. I totally could have gotten it since it was asking about a detail that was really easy to find. This response is not helpful, because it doesn't make you learn from what you did wrong (and if you don't learn from your error, there's nothing to stop you from continuing to mess up). Nitty gritty: I ran out of time because I spent a solid minute reading and re-reading this one sentence that really confused me on my first skimming of the passage. How can I avoid this in the future? Make sure that I really only skim on my first read-through or read the questions first and do all the detail ones that don’t rely on having to read the whole passage. Here's another example of possible reactions to getting a question wrong: Surface reason: There were two answers that seemed like they were sort of right, and I went with the wrong one. Oh well. A good start, but WHY did you go with the wrong one? Go deeeeeeper. Nitty gritty: I didn’t read the question carefully enough to get what it was really asking. Because of this, when I went back to the passage I wasn’t able to eliminate three wrong answers. Next time, I will really focus on exactly what the question is asking and make sure I only answer the question based on the information in the passage, not based on my outside knowledge. For even more detailed advice and suggestions on how to make sure you review mistakes in a way that improves your score, read my article on that very topic. Action Plan #1: Get official tests to practice from. Learn the way the SAT asks you about concepts to avoid tripping up on questions you can answer. #2: Practice under realistic conditions. Don't neglect to do timed Reading sections as well as full-length practice tests, so you can get used to conserving your energy while still performing at a high level on Reading questions. #3: Mark questions you are unsure of when you are taking the test. This way, you’re not just reviewing questions you got wrong- you’re also reviewing questions you were shaky on. #4: Review your mistakes so you can pinpoint your higher level weaknesses and drill them. If there's a particular type of question you tend to mess up on, focus your studying on that skill type. #5: Do it all over again: never give up [your test prep], never surrender. 'Persistence" in the dictionary by uberof202 ff, used under CC BY-SA 2.0/Cropped from original. As you study, your weak areas may shift, so don’t hesitate to adapt your studying plan to fit your current skill level. For instance, if you had planned to spend a week studying each type of question, but find that after a couple of days you’ve already got the hang of answering questions that ask you to search for details in the passage, don’t waste your time spending five extra days on it- reallocate that time to an area that needs your attention more. For more guidance and suggestions that might work for you, try reading our article on how to improve your SAT Reading score and how to get a perfect on SAT Reading. What’s Next Want more tips on how to study for the SAT? Read our guide to improving your SAT score by 160+ points! Looking to target specific SAT Reading skills? Our ultimate guide to SAT Reading has a comprehensive list of articles targeting each specific Reading skill. What's actually tested on SAT Reading? Find out here! Interested in adding some tutoring to your test prep? PrepScholar Tutors might be right for you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Role of Phytooestrogen in the Prevention of Breast Cancer Coursework

Role of Phytooestrogen in the Prevention of Breast Cancer - Coursework Example They have been suggested to have anticarcinogenic potential (Boccardo et al, 2006). Plant lignans are currently being widely studied for their potential benefits for human health as their consumption has been correlated with lower risks for developing chronic diseases, such as breast cancer and coronary heart disease. However, studies of some classes of lignans, in particular the furofurans, are hampered by the lack of suitable standards to allow accurate analysis (Haajanen and Botting, 2006). A study investigating the association between lignan intake and breast cancer in the early 1980s included small groups of women who were classified as vegetarian, or meat-eating. Over the course of 1 year, the concentrations of lignans excreted in their urine were compared with those of breast cancer patients who had had small breast tumours removed by surgery. The women with breast-cancer had a tendency to excrete smaller concentrations of lignans than vegetarians (Lamartiniere, 2000). Isoflavonoids and lignans are diet constituents with chemo-preventive properties. They occur in certain vegetables as their glycosides from which they are released by the bacterial micro-flora in the gut. The mechanisms by which these agents interfere with the process of carcinogenesis are only poorly understood. Although many epidemiological studies have shown that a phytoestrogen-rich diet, in which isoflavones and lignans are both found, is protective against breast cancer development (Lamartiniere, 2000) the use of soy and its isoflavone GEN by postmenopausal breast cancer patients is controversial (Duncan et al, 2003). The mammalian phytoestrogens enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL) are produced in the colon by the action of bacteria on the plant precursors matairesinol (MAT), secoisolariciresinol (SECO), their glycosides, and other precursors in the diet. Both END and ENL have been shown to possess weakly estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities, and it has been suggested that the high production of these antiestrogenic mammalian lignans in the gut may serve to protect against breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. Various in vitro experiments suggested END and ENL significantly inhibited the growth of human colon tumor cells, and the E2-induced proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells was inhibited by ENL (Wang, 2002). Human Studies Till now, the evidence for a cancer-protective role of dietary nutrients, particularly those with antioxidant properties, has been based on women without any known genetic pre-disposition and it is important to identify and evaluate dietary factors which may modify the risk of cancer in BRCA carriers. Diet modification may modulate the risk of hereditary breast cancer by decreasing DNA damage (possibly linked to estrogen exposure) or by enhancing DNA repair. The prevention of hereditary breast cancer through diet is an attractive complement to current management strategies and deserves exploration (Kotsopoulos and Narod, 2005). In a recent study by Lambert et al six lignans, including the cyclolignan 3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-6,7 cyclolignan, were isolated from the flowering tops of Larrea tridentata. Furthermore the flavanone, (S)-4, 5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone, was isolated

Strategic change programmes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic change programmes - Essay Example This shows the failure of the ministry’s procurement department and the unprofessionalism being displayed by the institution which trickles down to the services being offered to Namibian citizens and the rise in maternal-mortality rate. To curb this embarrassing problem, the tender board has allowed the ministry to buy fabric in bulk and train people to manufacture the required uniforms and patient attires. This measure would ensure the ministry has the capability and capacity of providing the necessary uniforms and attire to its staff and patients respectively. By so doing, patients and in particular expecting mothers, would have proper attire and bedding as well as maintain high standards of hygiene in the process thus reducing the risk of maternal-mortality. The uniforms of the staff will also be clearly branded with ministry and government labels so as to make them easily recognizable. This will ensure that the manufacture of these uniforms is not prone to any abuse by ill-minded persons. Therefore, this brings about the element of readiness, in that the programme pre-empts a problem and puts safeguards to solve the problem. The new procurement measures by the ministry will also cater for curtains and linens in addition to staff uniforms and patient attires. This shows the diversity of the programme since it addresses multiple issues all at once. In conclusion, the efforts by the Namibian Ministry of Health and Social Services to stem the country’s rising maternal-mortality rate can be seen in the implementation of the new procurement